Artificial Intelligence
Artificial
intelligence is the branch of science that deals with computer ability to mimic
or duplicate the function of the human brain. The term was coined by John
McCarthy in1956 at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Artificial
Intelligence (AI) deals with knowledge representation and its
manipulation. Knowledge is central to all engineering and hence AI is central
to all engineering.
Four
goals of AI:
§ systems that THINK like
humans
§ systems that ACT like
humans
§ systems that THINK
rationally
§ systems that ACT
rationally
Artificial
intelligence includes:
§ games playing:
programming computers to play games such as chess and checkers
§ expert system:
programming computers to make decisions in real life situations (for example,
some expert systems help doctors diagnose diseases based on symptoms)
§ natural language:
programming computers to understand natural human languages
§ neural networks: systems
that simulate intelligence by attempting to reproduce the types of physical
connections that occur in animal brains
§ robotics: programming
computers to see and hear and react to other sensory stimuli.
Why
study AI?
§ AI represents the core of
Computer science
§ AI embodies diverse forms
of computation
§ AI has a strong
interdisciplinary nature
§ AI deals with knowledge
representation and its manipulation. knowledge is central to all Engineering
and hence AI is central to all Engineering.
§ An important research is
AI research hopes to uncover a profound crisis faced in our times. The crises
created by the interactions of technology, science and philosophy
§ Technologically, AI
represents the apex of human achievement
§ A technology not so much
to produce, but to create
§ We are unable to produce
such a technology, not because of Technological limits, but scientific
inadequacy
§ Plato, Descartes, and
others that followed to date assumed Mind to be separate entity from the body.
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